Hitchhikers Guide To The Galaxy versus The Seven Deadly...

In Douglas Adamss novel, The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect traverse an imperfect galaxy plagued by a lack of individuality. In The Seven Deadly Sins Today, Henry Fairlie ventures that this galactic epidemic correlates to the transmission of immorality throughout the world. Douglas Adams utilizes satire and characterization to demonstrate how the human condition is flawed. Furthermore, Henry Fairlie calls upon the archetypal seven deadly sins to criticize human banality. Collectively, Adamss wittiness and Fairlies bitterness encourage the reader to exercise ones identity. First, Douglas Adams satirizes modern society to delineate the blemishes that chafe the face of humankind. Next, characterization†¦show more content†¦Essentially, Adams conveys that people are too worried about their financial status and forget to enjoy life to its fullest. Money becomes a shackle and enslaves the people of planet Earth with one of the seven deadly sins: gree d. The internet dictionary of Princeton University defines greed as excessive desire to acquire or possess more than one needs or deserves ( ). Henry Fairlie agrees with this definition and offers an eloquent sentiment: The be-all and end-all of life should not be to get rich, but to enrich the world (26). However, Fairlies plea is unheard due to the deafening materialism of modern society. It is a sad fact, but a fact nonetheless, that those who want to enrich are less abundant than those who want to get rich. This phenomenon occurs because wealth is more easily attainable than enrichment. Wealth requires one lucky day at the New York Stock Exchange or the acquisition of an emerging franchise. Enrichment requires an acute mind and patience because social change often takes generations to root in the minds of people. The solution to both Adams and Fairlies sinful society rests in patience. People should not try to perform a lifetime of actions in a fraction of their lifetime. Adams then reveals the twisted prototype for the space-age hero through the character traits of Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect. Arthur was born and raised on Earth,

Why and How the Nazis Persecuted Jews Essay - 812 Words

Why and How the Nazis Persecuted Jews The persecution of the Jews in Nazi Germany is concerned with the holocaust, a word that today has a certain aura about it. And rightly so, in that period, where Hitler was at the height of his control, 5 - 6 million Jews were killed while in captivity, subjected to torture and starvation, in German death camps. The word Holocaust comes from the Greek: holo meaning whole and caustos meaning burned, in a way this word is quite fitting to the whole situation, Hitlers singular desire to literally burn the whole of the Jewish race off the face of the planet. In this essay I shall now discuss firstly why the Germans persecuted the Jews and then how this†¦show more content†¦Hitler said that the Jews and communists were part of a conspiracy to bring down Germany. Many people believed this from the wealth of the Jews and communist leaders like Trotsky had Jewish background. This made the Germans angry with the Jews and as before led to a feeling of anti-Semitism. The Nazis also used their propaganda used successfully in the election. They showed Jews as evil and whipped up anti-Semitism views into hatred. The Nazi newspaper often had cartoons of Jews doing malicious acts such as mincing rats to make into sausages. The Nazis used their propaganda machine to spread existing feeling of anti-Semitism and spread theories of a Jew-communist conspiracy. It was used with extreme success to make the Germans jealous, cross and anti-Semitist. This all the Nazis the base they needed; this is the support of the people who due to existing and new anti-Semitism were ready to accept a basic persecution of the Jews. However the Nazis could not dive strait into the mass murder of the Jewish race. I will now explain how the persecution of the Jews developed. On 1 April 1933 the Nazis started to boycott the Jewish stores, this was organised by the SA, often Storm troopers would stand outside and stop people from been able to go in. At the same time Jews were banned from having jobs in the civil service. The Nazis also started to try and take out of Jews from economicShow MoreRelatedA Teachers Guide to the Holocaust843 Words   |  3 Pageshistory of mankind anywhere from 8,437,000 to 12,702,000 people were executed in the period of 1942-1945. That is killing 2,109,250 to 3,175,500 people a year! A majority of the people familiar with the Holocaust think that only Jewish people were persecuted when in fact there were many more groups of people, these groups included Slavs, Serbs, Soviet POWs, Romani people, colored people, the disabled, homosexuals, Freemasons, Spanish republicans, Gypsies, the mentally ill, and Jehovahs witnesses. TheseRead MoreHow The Nazi s Persecuted The Jews Between 1933-19381395 Words   |  6 PagesExplain how the Nazi’s persecuted the Jews between 1933-1938 This essay is going to discuss the ways in which the Nazi’s persecuted the Jews between the years of 1933 to 1938. Through the rise of Nazism, Nazi beliefs and propaganda, Nuremberg laws and the Kristallnacht in which will be explained in detail, I will provide a knowledge based analysis of pre-war life and the initial lead up to the war. The rise of Nazism Dating back to oldest of human history there was always a hatred for the Jews by othersRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1328 Words   |  6 Pagesmainly refers to the extermination of the Jews who lived in Europe conducted by the Germany government. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jewish community was improving their situation and their rights equalized to those of other citizens in most European countries. But despite this, these people were occasionally being chased by anti-Semitic groups. Some people felt that Jews were an alien race that could not be integrated into European culture. Jews suffered great discrimination. They wereRead MoreThe Actions Of Adolf Hitler And His Nazi Army1205 Words   |  5 Pages The actions of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi army, along with many willing European citizens, of killing some six-million Jews is known as the Holocaust. In Greek â€Å"Holocaust† means â€Å"whole- burnt†, sometimes it is referred to as the â€Å"Shoah† which is â€Å"catastrophe† in Hebrew (Hall n.p.). Nazi Germany and the territories it took over treated Jews like animals and did awful things to them. It is very hard to understand how an event like this could even happen and why someone would involve himself in thisRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1177 Words   |  5 Pagesused in that time. What we knew before was that the Holocaust resulted in the death of six million jews, and was controlled by the Nazi Regime. Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany and came up with the Final Solution, a plan to exterminate all the pe ople of Jewish faith or race during World War II. This then brought in the concept of concentration camps. Concentration camps did not just hold Jews captive, they also targeted other groups such as Gypsies, African-Germans, Homosexuals, Atheists,Read MoreEssay about Anne Frank1484 Words   |  6 Pages Jews have perished because of their beliefs since the beginning of time but never have so many Jews been persecuted worldwide as they were in World War II. Anne Frank’s diary reaches a place within all of our hearts because it reminds us how easily the innocents can suffer. Sometimes we may choose to close our eyes or look the other way when unjustifiable things happen in our society and Anne’s tale reminds us that ignorance, in part, claimed her life. Sadly, her story is but one of many of thoseRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles Ended World War I1480 Words   |  6 Pagesof war and the Treaty of Versailles are simply a few of the factors that enabled Adolf Hitler to rise to power. Hitler and the Nazi Party underwent many policies to construct his ideal Germany. This investigation will focus more directly on Hitler’s domestic policies and how they reflected his pro-Aryan beliefs in order to fully answer the research question: Analyze how Hitler’s domestic policies after 1933 impacted women and minorities. Hitler’s domestic policies largely fostered the negative treatmentRead More Children of the Holocaust Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"One of the most extraordinary aspects of Nazi genocide was the cold deliberate intention to kill children in numbers so great that there is no historical precedent for it.† (Lukas, 13 Kindle) About 1.5 million children were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust—one million being killed because they were Jews (ushmm.org) The Germans had a clearly defined goal of killing the Jewish children so that there would be no remnants of their race to reproduce, resulting in extin ction. Not only were theRead MoreWhat Was It Like To Live In The Time During The Holocaust?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe time during the holocaust? What made the holocaust so revolutionary? Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler had a masterplan to eliminate the jews in Germany, the Nazis became powerful in a way that they saw the Jews as inferior. Through 1933 till 1945, roughly more than 11 million people were murdered. During the holocaust 1/3 of all Jewish people alive were persecuted. They created transit, concentration camps to monitor the Jews during the war. The concentration camps took away the rights of the victimsRead MoreUnderstanding The Holocaust and Preventing it Happening Again1025 Words   |  5 PagesHappening Again The human tragedy of the Holocaust was the systematic annihilation of millions of Jews by the Nazi regime during World War II. The adversity of this persecution influenced not only the European arena, but also peoples from all over the globe and their ideas. The impact caused by this ethnic cleansing was enormous. Peoples lives were drastically changed as they were persecuted and tortured. Families were taken out of their homes and forced to move to distant locations in exile

The Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment Free Essays

The Political, Economic and Social Aspects the Enlightenment The Enlightenment, also known as Age of Reason, was a cultural movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The Enlightenment mainly focused on mathematics, science, art, philosophy, politics and literature in the 1700s. This movement took away the fear of the world and the medieval views that were placed upon the people for so many years, and it also opened their eyes to new ideas and reason. We will write a custom essay sample on The Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Old beliefs such as French monarchy (the privileges that were given to the French nobility) political power, and the authority of the Catholic Church were torn down. They were replaced by political and social orders that followed along the ideas of freedom and equality that came from this period. The Enlightenments main purpose was to reform society using reason instead of tradition. The Enlightenment started after the scientific resolution in the 1500s and was effected by many events that shaped it into what we now look back to. There where many aspects of the enlightenment that can be broken down into three key factors that contributed to this movement: Political, Economical and Social. Political covers the transition from a monarchy to a political order, as well as the three political revolutions. Economical covers the export and import of trade in Europe, and social deals with the art, theater, music and cultural parts of the movement. The Enlightenment is best identified by its political accomplishments and outcomes. This movement was marked by three political revolutions, which all helped lay the foundation for modern republican and constitutional democracy. The first revolution was the English Revolution which took place in 1688. The English Revolution was defined by two different revolutions, the Glorious Revolution in 1688 which was the overthrow of King James II of England by the English Parliamentarians and the Dutch Stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. After King James II was overthrown, his Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband William became joint-monarchs of England. The Glorious Revolution established the supremacy of Parliament over the crown. This also established the first constitutional monarchy, and made it so the power was shared between the monarchs and the nobles. It also took part because of the growing fear of Catholic tyranny, and because at the time, England was under the control of an all powerful Catholic monarch. Marxist historians have also used the term â€Å"English Revolution† to describe the period of the English civil wars and commonwealth (1640-1660). The English civil wars were a series of armed conflicts and political plotting between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The commonwealth was the republic that ruled England, Ireland and Scotland. The second revolution that happened during the Enlightenment was the American revolution which took place from 1775 to 1783. This revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century towards the end of the enlightenment in which the thirteen colonies that were formed in North America, and joined together to break away from the British Empire and form the United States of America, rejecting the authority of the Parliament of Great Britain. The last political revolution of the Enlightenment was the French Revolution which happened from 1789 to 1799. This revolution was fought to balance the inequalities in French society. Louis XVI was a weak leader and the monarchs were in debt although only commoners paid taxes. The England government was about to go bankrupt so the king tried to raise taxes, leading to the formation of the National Assembly and the imprisonment of the royal family after France went to war against other European countries. Not until the mid 1800s did a democracy form in France after a monarchy and dictatorship. The second aspect of the enlightenment was the economic section and how it affected the enlightenment. Peasants under feudalism where kept bound to disadvantageous occupations. The occupations that peasants where assigned was under the control of tradition and class assignment. The most disadvantaged occupation was mercantilism, which was a very closely monitored economic system that allowed the government to monitor their kingdoms import-to-export ratio. They could step if needed and maintain a favorable balance of trade for their kingdom. French economist Francois Quesnay explained in his book Tableau Economique, written in 1758, that a natural order of trade with only limited government intervention would be more beneficial to the individual and the society. This idea was expanded by Scottish economist Adam Smith in his landmark Wealth of Nations written in 1776. This established the nature of economics into three laws, people work more productively with self interest is involved, competition leads to balance and that true supply and demand are a product of free trade. The third and final aspect of the enlightenment was social and cultural interpretation. In opposition to the intellectual historiographical approach to the Enlightenment this aspect examines the changes that occurred during the Enlightenment in European society and cultures. One of the primary elements of the social aspect of the enlightenment was the development of the public sphere, a social group in town where individuals could come together to discuss and identify societal problems, and then discuss political actions. This was a place where people could come together and discuss about matters of mutual interest and try to reach a common judgement. The Enlightenment also cultivated the arts, including music, art, and literature. Learning about art and music became more widespread and common during the enlightenment especially in the middle class and the general public. Learning to read became more common and people where able to afford books because of the recent invention of the printing press. Philosophy can be traced back to 600 BC but 17th century philosophy in the Western world is normally regarded as being the start of modern philosophy, this was also known as the Age of Reason. This was also generally regarded as a departure from scholasticism and the medieval approach. The 17th-century philosophy started with the work of Rene Descartes, who set the methodology for many philosophers from the Age of Reason. Philosophers in this era mostly focused on systems of epistemology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, politics and physical sciences. The Enlightenment helped develop and innovate philosophy, literature, mathematics and science in countries throughout Europe. It encompassed new thoughts and developments in a variety of other academic, artistic and social fields like economics, law, industrial technology, humanitarianism and fine arts. It also changed the way that people saw the world and their government. The enlightenment helped the separation of powers through out Europe and developed natural rights and a democracy in place of monarchy in France. How to cite The Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment, Essay examples

Trade and Investment Commission Market †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Trade and Investment Commission Market. Answer: Introduction The USA is the largest economy in the world with a nominal GDP of over US$18 trillion in 2015-2016 and a population of 323 million. ( The World Bank) Thus, the USA is a big market and a source of goods and services for any country. Australia has a per capita Gross National Income USD 65, 640 and a GDP of over of over USD 1.6 Trillion per year and provides a sizeable market of a population of over 24 million for US exports.( The World Bank) Australia is also, the fourth largest trading partner of Australia. Australias most important trade and investment partners: the largest foreign investor in Australia, Australias largest foreign investment destination, and the fourth largest destination for Australian exports (2016).(Australian Trade and Investment Commission) The two countries are both high income group countries and hence, important trade markets for each other.( The World Bank) Recently, the President of USA announced in a series of talks, his points of view on the ineffectiveness of Free Trade Agreements in improving the economy of USA. This led to global concerns about the rise of protectionist voices.(Productivity Commission). This paper examines the effects of such a policy by assessing the current Free Trade Agreement with USA and the Free Trade Agreement in pipeline. The USA and Australia signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on 1st January 2005. The agreement covered a broad ranged of topics with trade in goods and services. Primarily, trade in manufactured, agricultural goods and trade in services especially financial services were the major topics of the Agreement.(Armstrong)(George) . Additionally, Intellectual Property Rights, Government Contracts and Legal frameworks for setting of standards of goods and services were also major components of the Agreement.(Tully) Some Stipulations of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Elimination of Duties Clause: Both parties agreed to eliminate custom duties on goods originating in the other country and both parties agreed to non introduction of more duties for goods originating in the other country as long as the FTA was in force.(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia) In addition to the tariff barriers, the Free Trade Agreement also addresses non-tariff barriers such as quotas, services and investment, e-commerce, barriers to participating in government procurement .process etc. (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia) Non Treatment Clause: Each party assigned to the other a non-discriminatory treatment i.e goods made of substantially altered in the other country would receive the same or somewhat the same treatment as goods made or substantially altered within the country. This is the Non Treatment clause.(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia) Transparency Clause: Australia agreed to enhancing the listing, pricing and selection of medicines on the schedule of Pharmaceuticals described as the PBS list.(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia) Both countries give each other preferential treatment in trade of agricultural goods and services. This goes beyond treating each other as Most Favoured Nation, which is a stipulation of the treaty. If the treaty is revoked, the Most Favoured Nation status would have to be renegotiated. (Office of the United States Trade Representative) The USA and Australia have also agreed to work on reach agreement that would phase out any export subsidies for agricultural goods to each other.(Office of the United States Trade Representative) Once, revoked, the treaty may lead to substantial trade barriers towards each other, if protectionists policies were to take place. Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products like grapes, beef, wool etc. The USA market would becoming less accessible to Australia. On the other hand the Australian market would become less accessible to USA. Given that the USA is the largest investor in Australia, any protectionist policies would hurt the multi-national corporations based out of USA and have invested in Australia. On the other hand, the implications are also great for Australia as Australia must seek to diversify its trade partners. ( Australian Trade and Investment Commission) Additionally, Australias specialty food sector has gained recognition with a reputation for quality in packaged food, organic products, specialty cheeses and confectionary. US specialty food sales reached US$120.5 billion during 2015 and offers potential for Australias input.(Tiffen) The US- Australia Free Trade Agree has made significant strides in the protection of Intellectual Property rights for both parties. The agreement stipulated an increase in the duration of copyright protection, for individuals to the life of the author, plus 70 years and commitments to reduce differences in law and practice and participate in international harmonization efforts with respect to trademarks and several technical protection measures of intellectual property (Richardson) These measures were taken to improve the quality of products in both countries. (Richardson) The agreement has increased the access to government contracts for American companies. A revocation the deal, thus, implies a lesser competition from companies based out of USA. Australia is not a signatory to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement on the same topic. and therefore, participation in the process o Government contracts would be beneficial for USA based firms.(Thurbon) Trade Balances Since the Ratification of the USA Australia FTA Year Net Exports for USA to Australia (in Million Dollars) Exports Imports 2004 6,412.40 13,957.90 7,545.50 2005 8,246.30 15,588.50 7,342.20 2006 9,341.70 17,545.70 8,204.00 2007 10,563.20 19,178.20 8,615.00 2008 11,629.80 22,218.60 10,588.80 2009 11,587.80 19,599.30 8,011.50 2010 13,221.70 21,804.60 8,582.90 2011 17,383.30 27,626.20 10,242.90 2012 21,594.60 31,161.40 9,566.80 2013 16,851.20 26,123.70 9,272.60 2014 15,984.40 26,681.70 10,697.30 2015 14,150.60 25,034.10 10,883.50 2016 12,649.80 22,159.70 9,509.90 Declining exports from the USA to Australia imply that there was lower demand for US made goods. It must be noted that during the period post 2012, when exports from USA to Australia declined, domestic demand surged during the same in Australia. (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). An excess of exports to imports affects the exchange rate of the country. This could also imply, that the USA industries rely more on Australia than on the Australia markets rely on the USA for export demand. The ramification of a cancellation of TPP would be felt in the form of lower demand for goods from USA. This in turn may reduce competition for Australian industries especially in agri-based industries like wine industry and specialty foods industry, Additionally, removal of a Free Trade Agreement allows Australia to place barriers to import of high value imports like heavy machinery, etc. which could significantly affect the US Dollar Australian Dollar exchange rate, improving the competitiveness of the Australian Dollar. Australia is a also a significant investor in USA. However, the USA is one of the biggest investors in Australia. Foreign Direct Investment is important to sustain the Australian economy and would be important for the growth of the economy. Creation of trade barriers for companies that invest in Australia by the USA may lead to the decline of for investment in Australia. (Productivity Commission) There is a flip side to foreign investment too. Foreign investment does not necessarily translate into equal distribution of wealth among households. (Productivity Commission) For example, Foreign Investment in Australia can be heavily oriented towards the natural resources sector. A fall in demand for natural resources in the world market, therefore leads to a drop in investment in the sector which has a ripple effect on wages and household income. This further leads to regional imbalances.(Kent) Criticism of the US Australia Free Trade Agreement In 2010, the Australian Report on productivity found that the FTA had not generated significant benefits for Australia until 2010.(Productivity Commission) Further, the Global financial Crisis had a significant effect on demand from USA. (Blanchard, Dell'Arricia and Mauro) The world trade structure has significantly changed since 2005. These are some of the factors that have been attributed to the ineffectiveness of the FTA for Australia. The AustraliaUS agreement did not prevent the share of US trade in Australia from falling. It could not defy gravity with the rapid growth of Asian economies, their competitiveness and their proximity to Australia delivering lower cost and higher quality goods to the Australian market, but it did provide a modest counterweight.(Armstrong) Armstrong, (2015) believes that that relative ineffectiveness of the USFTA in improvement of Australias trade gains has to do with the failure of the o achieve a reduction in equity risk premium for Australia, an assumption that was made by the Australian Government when the FTa was signed in 2005. Another criticism of the FTA is that FTA does streamline Australias exports to the USA, due to its sheer legal complexity and loop holes that could be discovered in various regulations such as the Intellectual Property Law.(George) According to George, (2014)Provisions such as national treatment, standstill arrangements and 20-year copyright extension have significant consequences and that Australian policy makers did not understand the implications of the provisions of the Free Trade Agreement completely while agreeing to be a party to the Free Trade Agreement. Thus, the Free trade Agreement could have larger negative implications for the Australian economy than was predicted. If the US- Australia Free Trade Agreement were to be nullified then the negative ramifications could be contained. One example, is the transparency clause on pharmaceuticals grants the US excessive power for setting standards for pharmaceuticals manufactured in Australia leading to concerns about affordability of pharmaceuticals.(Tully) In addition, (Armstrong) also criticize the USFTA as one of the reasons for not allowing Australia to capitalize on the growth of demand from emerging economies like China. Tully (2016) criticized the FTA for the lack of accountability on the part of Australian officials and for ignoring the social and cultural context of the two countries. In the recent past, a group of Asian countries, prominently China and Japan, seem to have gained importance as trade partners as the trade between USA and Australia seem to have taken a back seat.(Armstrong) Hence, Australia may not lose massively since the new direction of Australian trade seems to point towards more trade with Asian countries. The Trans Pacific Partnership The TPP is a multi lateral trade partnership between 12 countries including Australia, Canada, Brunei, Malaysia, Mexico, Chile, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and the United States of America. The USA is one of the key countries that signed this trade agreement due to the size of its market. Protectionist policies from USA could lead to the failure of the ratification of the Treaty/ The TPP offers a very wide Free trade market for Australia. The countries that were meant to sign the agreement are responsible for 40 % of the total GDP of the world amounting to approximately $107.5 trillion. Together, these countries account for 26 % of global trade flows and 793 million consumers. (Amadeo)The treaty was designed in a way that it would be effective only if countries that sign the treaty have a total of 85% of the total volume of the trade from these countries. This would not be possible without the presence of the USA. Some are also of the opinion that smaller countries like Malaysia agreed to sign the treaty so that they could have better access to the larger market of the USA and that there is a likelihood of some of the original expected signatories pulling out due to the lack of the incentive that the presence of USA market has provided.(Amadeo) On the flip side the TPP could have platform to the USA to wield greater political power in the South China Sea region. (Amadeo) The United States would, particularly, have to lower tariffs on beef, dairy and poultry and these products are included in some of the top exports of Australia. Australia exports beef, coal , iron ores , professional, technical and other services, iron ores and concentrates, among other commodities. (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Government of Australia) Thus, it follows that Australia may lose out in terms of gaining greater access to the US market with respect to these products. On the other hand, imports from TPP countries include finished goods like passenger motor vehicles, services like personal travel, refined petroleum, transport services, professional technical and business services. As it is visible, TPP countries are crucial from Australian exports since the total exports from country to TPP countries were valued at 34% of the total Australian exports in 2015-2016. While the imports like LNG and professional services help maintain the growth rate of the economy. (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia). The participation of USA could have ensured the elimination of some tariffs that were applicable in spite of the US- Australia Free Trade Agreement. For example, the tariffs on Australia exports to beef that are held by the United States price based safeguard are approximately valued at $2.5 billion in the pear 2015-2016. These could have eliminated by the ratification of the TPP by the USA.(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Govern ment of Australia) The Trans Pacific Partnership is of particular importance because it is a comprehensive deal that covers a broad range of points in international trade including financial products and services, telecommunications, food and safety standards and most importantly, Intellectual Property Rights. These subjects have traditionally been sources of barriers to World Trade. Additionally, it is also a deal that addresses crucial issues like environmental abuses.(Amadeo) Hence, it fits the context of the current global challenges well. Some are of the opinion that Australia may not be negatively impacted to a great extent simply because it would have boosted the Australian economy only by 0.7 per cent by the year 2030.(Martin) Threats to Australia and Opportunities Arising Due to Adoption of Protectionist Policies by USA The Australian Productivity Commission warned that approximately 100,000 jobs may be lost from the economy due to the protectionist measures adopted by the USA. These losses may be due to losses in Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investment. This reduces the choices of goods for some consumers and may affect prices. For example, Australia imports computing equipment from USA. The prices of computing equipment have fallen greatly since 2009. The Commission also suggested that loss of competitive tr The Australian Productivity Commission( 2017) various likely scenarios that would result from a protectionists stance by the USA. The report encouraged Australian government to adopt a pro- Free Trade stance either completely or through regional partnerships through various regional Agreements(Productivity Commission) which could turn the threat of protectionism into an opportunity. On the other hand , the non-ratification of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership or TTIP by USA could have some positive effects on Australia. The partnership between European Union and USA could have had led to job losses and reduction in investment in Australia due to removal of trade barrier as an effect of the partnership(Corrs Chambers Westgarth Lawyers). Protectionist policies by USA ensure barriers and reduced competitiveness of Euopean goods and investment opportunities. Conclusion The protectionist policies of USA may affect Australia is a country with a large population with a high per capital income. However, the lack of free access to the US markets may not necessarily spell doom for Australia Free Trade Agreement between Australia and USA have not shown significant gains for Australia. (Productivity Commission)(Tully)In fact, on occasions, some have criticized the policy of pushing free trade agreements with A since the US- Australia Free Trade Agreements have not resulted in a great rise in trade surplus for Australia and may have had an opportunity cost in the form of diversion of trade with growing Asian economies such as China.(George) Australia can levy plenty of trade barriers in retaliation to protectionist policies from the USA. (Tully)This will allow the country to protect crucial sectors like agricultural sector, oil and gas sector etc. Additionally, in the context of the evaluation of Free Trade with U SA, Australia must evaluate the strategy it wishes to adopt in the future, whether it wants to encourage more trade with growing economies like India and China . While it is possible that Australia can pursue strong trade ties with several countries of the world, it should certainly take steps to that it does not miss out on trade with several other emerging markets. Thus, protectionist policies by the US alone many not strongly affect the economic position of Australia as long as it maintains its stance on free and open trade with other countries of the world ,as recommended by Productivity Commission (2017) of Australia. So far, there has been no research on the non-monetary pros and cons of an FTA with the USA. For example, the health care due to stringent standards set by the transparency clause ratification may have led to higher prices of pharmaceuticals in Australia. References Australian Trade and Investment Commission. AUSTRALIAS 2 INVESTMENT FOOTPRINT IN THE US | Mapping Australias foreign direct investment in the US . Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. The World Bank. Databank. 2017. 6 September 2017 https://data.worldbank.org/topic. Amadeo, Kimberly. Trans-Pacific Partnership Summary, Pros and Cons. 14 June 2017. 8 November 2017 https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-trans-pacific-partnership-3305581. Armstrong, Shiro. The Costs of Australia's 'Free Trade' Agreement with Amercia. 8 February 2015. 08 November 2017 https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/02/08/the-costs-of-australias-free-trade-agreement-with-america/. Australian Trade and Investment Commission. Market profile, Export Markets: United States of America. 2017. 08 November 2017 https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Export/Export-markets/Countries/United-States-of-America/Market-profile. Blanchard, Olivier, Giovanni Dell'Arricia and Paolo Mauro. "Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (2010): 199-215. Corrs Chambers Westgarth Lawyers. Will an EU-US free trade agreement be the last straw for Australian manufacturing? 28 January 2014. 08 November 2017 https://www.corrs.com.au/thinking/insights/will-an-eu-us-free-trade-agreement-be-the-last-straw-for-australian-manufacturing/. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia. Australia- United States Free Trade Agreement - First Draft. Washington DC; Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Government of Australia. TPP outcomes at a glance. 8 December 2016. 8 November 2017 https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/tpp/outcomes-documents/Pages/outcomes-at-a-glance.aspx. George, Anna. A decade on, is the Australia-US FTA fit for the 21st century? 22 October 2014. 08 November 2017 https://theconversation.com/a-decade-on-is-the-australia-us-fta-fit-for-the-21st-century-33016. Kent, Christopher. Speech: After the Boom. 13 September 2016. 9 November 2017 https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2016/sp-ag-2016-09-13.html. Martin, Peter. Trans-Pacific Partnership will barely benefit Australia, says World Bank report . 12 January 2016. 8 Novemberq 2017 https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/transpacific-partnership-will-barely-benefit-australia-says-world-bank-report-20160111-gm3g9w.html. Office of the United States Trade Representative. Free Trade Agreements Australia. 2017. 8 November 2017 https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/australian-fta/advisory-committee-reports-us-australia-fta. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2017 Economic Survey of Australia. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2017. Productivity Commission. Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements a. Canberra: Commowealth of Australia, 2013. . Rising protectionism: challenges, threats and opportunities for Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. Richardson, David. Intellectual property rights and the AustraliaUS Free Trade Agreement. 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